1 # The MIT License (MIT)
3 # Copyright (c) 2020 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
5 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
6 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
7 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
8 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
9 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
10 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
13 # all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
16 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
17 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
18 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
19 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
20 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 ================================================================================
29 **Software and Dependencies:**
32 https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Blinka/releases
34 * Author(s): Melissa LeBlanc-Williams
43 from recordclass import recordclass
45 __version__ = "0.0.0-auto.0"
46 __repo__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Blinka_displayio.git"
48 Rectangle = recordclass("Rectangle", "x1 y1 x2 y2")
51 # pylint: disable=unnecessary-pass, unused-argument
53 # pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes
55 """This initializes a display and connects it into CircuitPython. Unlike other objects
56 in CircuitPython, Display objects live until ``displayio.release_displays()`` is called.
57 This is done so that CircuitPython can use the display itself.
59 Most people should not use this class directly. Use a specific display driver instead
60 that will contain the initialization sequence at minimum.
63 Display(display_bus, init_sequence, *, width, height, colstart=0, rowstart=0, rotation=0,
64 color_depth=16, grayscale=False, pixels_in_byte_share_row=True, bytes_per_cell=1,
65 reverse_pixels_in_byte=False, set_column_command=0x2a, set_row_command=0x2b,
66 write_ram_command=0x2c, set_vertical_scroll=0, backlight_pin=None, brightness_command=None,
67 brightness=1.0, auto_brightness=False, single_byte_bounds=False, data_as_commands=False,
68 auto_refresh=True, native_frames_per_second=60)
71 # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
84 pixels_in_byte_share_row=True,
86 reverse_pixels_in_byte=False,
87 set_column_command=0x2A,
89 write_ram_command=0x2C,
90 set_vertical_scroll=0,
92 brightness_command=None,
94 auto_brightness=False,
95 single_byte_bounds=False,
96 data_as_commands=False,
98 native_frames_per_second=60
100 """Create a Display object on the given display bus (`displayio.FourWire` or
101 `displayio.ParallelBus`).
103 The ``init_sequence`` is bitpacked to minimize the ram impact. Every command begins
104 with a command byte followed by a byte to determine the parameter count and if a
105 delay is need after. When the top bit of the second byte is 1, the next byte will be
106 the delay time in milliseconds. The remaining 7 bits are the parameter count
107 excluding any delay byte. The third through final bytes are the remaining command
108 parameters. The next byte will begin a new command definition. Here is a portion of
110 .. code-block:: python
113 b"\xe1\x0f\x00\x0E\x14\x03\x11\x07\x31\xC1\x48\x08\x0F\x0C\x31\x36\x0F"
114 b"\x11\x80\x78"# Exit Sleep then delay 0x78 (120ms)
115 b"\x29\x80\x78"# Display on then delay 0x78 (120ms)
117 display = displayio.Display(display_bus, init_sequence, width=320, height=240)
119 The first command is 0xe1 with 15 (0xf) parameters following. The second and third
120 are 0x11 and 0x29 respectively with delays (0x80) of 120ms (0x78) and no parameters.
121 Multiple byte literals (b”“) are merged together on load. The parens are needed to
122 allow byte literals on subsequent lines.
124 The initialization sequence should always leave the display memory access inline with
125 the scan of the display to minimize tearing artifacts.
127 self._bus = display_bus
128 self._set_column_command = set_column_command
129 self._set_row_command = set_row_command
130 self._write_ram_command = write_ram_command
131 self._brightness_command = brightness_command
132 self._data_as_commands = data_as_commands
133 self._single_byte_bounds = single_byte_bounds
135 self._height = height
136 self._colstart = colstart
137 self._rowstart = rowstart
138 self._rotation = rotation
139 self._auto_brightness = auto_brightness
140 self._brightness = brightness
141 self._auto_refresh = auto_refresh
142 self._initialize(init_sequence)
143 self._buffer = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))
144 self._subrectangles = []
145 self._bounds_encoding = ">BB" if single_byte_bounds else ">HH"
146 self._current_group = None
147 displays.append(self)
148 self._refresh_thread = None
149 if self._auto_refresh:
150 self.auto_refresh = True
152 # pylint: enable=too-many-locals
154 def _initialize(self, init_sequence):
156 while i < len(init_sequence):
157 command = init_sequence[i]
158 data_size = init_sequence[i + 1]
159 delay = (data_size & 0x80) > 0
161 self._write(command, init_sequence[i + 2 : i + 2 + data_size])
165 delay_time_ms = init_sequence[i + 1 + data_size]
166 if delay_time_ms == 255:
168 time.sleep(delay_time_ms / 1000)
171 def _write(self, command, data):
172 if self._single_byte_bounds:
173 self._bus.send(True, bytes([command]) + data, toggle_every_byte=True)
175 self._bus.send(True, bytes([command]), toggle_every_byte=True)
176 self._bus.send(False, data)
182 def show(self, group):
183 """Switches to displaying the given group of layers. When group is None, the
184 default CircuitPython terminal will be shown.
186 self._current_group = group
188 def refresh(self, *, target_frames_per_second=60, minimum_frames_per_second=1):
189 """When auto refresh is off, waits for the target frame rate and then refreshes the
190 display, returning True. If the call has taken too long since the last refresh call
191 for the given target frame rate, then the refresh returns False immediately without
192 updating the screen to hopefully help getting caught up.
194 If the time since the last successful refresh is below the minimum frame rate, then
195 an exception will be raised. Set minimum_frames_per_second to 0 to disable.
197 When auto refresh is on, updates the display immediately. (The display will also
198 update without calls to this.)
200 # Go through groups and and add each to buffer
201 if self._current_group is not None:
202 buffer = Image.new("RGBA", (self._width, self._height))
203 # Recursively have everything draw to the image
204 self._current_group._fill_area(buffer) # pylint: disable=protected-access
205 # save image to buffer (or probably refresh buffer so we can compare)
206 self._buffer.paste(buffer)
208 # Eventually calculate dirty rectangles here
209 self._subrectangles.append(Rectangle(0, 0, self._width, self._height))
211 for area in self._subrectangles:
212 self._refresh_display_area(area)
214 def _refresh_loop(self):
215 while self._auto_refresh:
218 def _refresh_display_area(self, rectangle):
219 """Loop through dirty rectangles and redraw that area."""
221 img = self._buffer.crop(rectangle).convert("RGB")
222 img = img.rotate(self._rotation)
224 data = numpy.array(img).astype("uint16")
226 ((data[:, :, 0] & 0xF8) << 8)
227 | ((data[:, :, 1] & 0xFC) << 3)
228 | (data[:, :, 2] >> 3)
232 numpy.dstack(((color >> 8) & 0xFF, color & 0xFF)).flatten().tolist()
235 display_rectangle = self._apply_rotation(rectangle)
238 self._set_column_command,
240 display_rectangle.x1 + self._colstart,
241 display_rectangle.x2 + self._colstart - 1,
245 self._set_row_command,
247 display_rectangle.y1 + self._rowstart,
248 display_rectangle.y2 + self._rowstart - 1,
252 self._write(self._write_ram_command, pixels)
254 def _apply_rotation(self, rectangle):
255 """Adjust the rectangle coordinates based on rotation"""
256 if self._rotation == 90:
258 self._width - rectangle.y2,
260 self._width - rectangle.y1,
263 if self._rotation == 180:
265 self._width - rectangle.x2,
266 self._height - rectangle.y2,
267 self._width - rectangle.x1,
268 self._height - rectangle.y1,
270 if self._rotation == 270:
273 self._height - rectangle.x2,
275 self._height - rectangle.x1,
279 def _encode_pos(self, x, y):
280 """Encode a postion into bytes."""
281 return struct.pack(self._bounds_encoding, x, y)
283 def fill_row(self, y, buffer):
284 """Extract the pixels from a single row"""
288 def auto_refresh(self):
289 """True when the display is refreshed automatically."""
290 return self._auto_refresh
293 def auto_refresh(self, value):
294 self._auto_refresh = value
295 if self._refresh_thread is None:
296 self._refresh_thread = threading.Thread(
297 target=self._refresh_loop, daemon=True
299 if value and not self._refresh_thread.is_alive():
301 self._refresh_thread.start()
302 elif not value and self._refresh_thread.is_alive():
304 self._refresh_thread.join()
307 def brightness(self):
308 """The brightness of the display as a float. 0.0 is off and 1.0 is full `brightness`.
309 When `auto_brightness` is True, the value of `brightness` will change automatically.
310 If `brightness` is set, `auto_brightness` will be disabled and will be set to False.
312 return self._brightness
315 def brightness(self, value):
316 self._brightness = value
319 def auto_brightness(self):
320 """True when the display brightness is adjusted automatically, based on an ambient
321 light sensor or other method. Note that some displays may have this set to True by
322 default, but not actually implement automatic brightness adjustment.
323 `auto_brightness` is set to False if `brightness` is set manually.
325 return self._auto_brightness
327 @auto_brightness.setter
328 def auto_brightness(self, value):
329 self._auto_brightness = value
343 """The rotation of the display as an int in degrees."""
344 return self._rotation
347 def rotation(self, value):
348 if value not in (0, 90, 180, 270):
349 raise ValueError("Rotation must be 0/90/180/270")
350 self._rotation = value
354 """Current Display Bus"""
358 # pylint: enable=too-many-instance-attributes