1 # The MIT License (MIT)
3 # Copyright (c) 2020 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
5 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
6 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
7 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
8 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
9 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
10 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
12 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
13 # all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
15 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
16 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
17 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
18 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
19 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
20 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
25 ================================================================================
29 **Software and Dependencies:**
32 https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Blinka/releases
34 * Author(s): Melissa LeBlanc-Williams
44 from recordclass import recordclass
46 __version__ = "0.0.0-auto.0"
47 __repo__ = "https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit_Blinka_displayio.git"
49 Rectangle = recordclass("Rectangle", "x1 y1 x2 y2")
55 # pylint: disable=unnecessary-pass, unused-argument
57 # pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes
59 """This initializes a display and connects it into CircuitPython. Unlike other objects
60 in CircuitPython, Display objects live until ``displayio.release_displays()`` is called.
61 This is done so that CircuitPython can use the display itself.
63 Most people should not use this class directly. Use a specific display driver instead
64 that will contain the initialization sequence at minimum.
67 Display(display_bus, init_sequence, *, width, height, colstart=0, rowstart=0, rotation=0,
68 color_depth=16, grayscale=False, pixels_in_byte_share_row=True, bytes_per_cell=1,
69 reverse_pixels_in_byte=False, set_column_command=0x2a, set_row_command=0x2b,
70 write_ram_command=0x2c, set_vertical_scroll=0, backlight_pin=None, brightness_command=None,
71 brightness=1.0, auto_brightness=False, single_byte_bounds=False, data_as_commands=False,
72 auto_refresh=True, native_frames_per_second=60)
75 # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
88 pixels_in_byte_share_row=True,
90 reverse_pixels_in_byte=False,
91 set_column_command=0x2A,
93 write_ram_command=0x2C,
94 set_vertical_scroll=0,
96 brightness_command=None,
98 auto_brightness=False,
99 single_byte_bounds=False,
100 data_as_commands=False,
102 native_frames_per_second=60
104 """Create a Display object on the given display bus (`displayio.FourWire` or
105 `displayio.ParallelBus`).
107 The ``init_sequence`` is bitpacked to minimize the ram impact. Every command begins
108 with a command byte followed by a byte to determine the parameter count and if a
109 delay is need after. When the top bit of the second byte is 1, the next byte will be
110 the delay time in milliseconds. The remaining 7 bits are the parameter count
111 excluding any delay byte. The third through final bytes are the remaining command
112 parameters. The next byte will begin a new command definition. Here is a portion of
114 .. code-block:: python
117 b"\xe1\x0f\x00\x0E\x14\x03\x11\x07\x31\xC1\x48\x08\x0F\x0C\x31\x36\x0F"
118 b"\x11\x80\x78"# Exit Sleep then delay 0x78 (120ms)
119 b"\x29\x80\x78"# Display on then delay 0x78 (120ms)
121 display = displayio.Display(display_bus, init_sequence, width=320, height=240)
123 The first command is 0xe1 with 15 (0xf) parameters following. The second and third
124 are 0x11 and 0x29 respectively with delays (0x80) of 120ms (0x78) and no parameters.
125 Multiple byte literals (b”“) are merged together on load. The parens are needed to
126 allow byte literals on subsequent lines.
128 The initialization sequence should always leave the display memory access inline with
129 the scan of the display to minimize tearing artifacts.
131 self._bus = display_bus
132 self._set_column_command = set_column_command
133 self._set_row_command = set_row_command
134 self._write_ram_command = write_ram_command
135 self._brightness_command = brightness_command
136 self._data_as_commands = data_as_commands
137 self._single_byte_bounds = single_byte_bounds
139 self._height = height
140 self._colstart = colstart
141 self._rowstart = rowstart
142 self._rotation = rotation
143 self._auto_brightness = auto_brightness
144 self._brightness = 1.0
145 self._auto_refresh = auto_refresh
146 self._initialize(init_sequence)
147 self._buffer = Image.new("RGB", (width, height))
148 self._subrectangles = []
149 self._bounds_encoding = ">BB" if single_byte_bounds else ">HH"
150 self._current_group = None
151 displays.append(self)
152 self._refresh_thread = None
153 if self._auto_refresh:
154 self.auto_refresh = True
156 self._backlight_type = None
157 if backlight_pin is not None:
158 self._backlight_type = BACKLIGHT_IN_OUT
159 self._backlight = digitalio.DigitalInOut(backlight_pin)
160 self._backlight.switch_to_output()
161 self.brightness = brightness
163 # pylint: enable=too-many-locals
165 def _initialize(self, init_sequence):
167 while i < len(init_sequence):
168 command = init_sequence[i]
169 data_size = init_sequence[i + 1]
170 delay = (data_size & 0x80) > 0
172 self._write(command, init_sequence[i + 2 : i + 2 + data_size])
176 delay_time_ms = init_sequence[i + 1 + data_size]
177 if delay_time_ms == 255:
179 time.sleep(delay_time_ms / 1000)
182 def _write(self, command, data):
183 if self._single_byte_bounds:
184 self._bus.send(True, bytes([command]) + data, toggle_every_byte=True)
186 self._bus.send(True, bytes([command]), toggle_every_byte=True)
187 self._bus.send(False, data)
193 def show(self, group):
194 """Switches to displaying the given group of layers. When group is None, the
195 default CircuitPython terminal will be shown.
197 self._current_group = group
199 def refresh(self, *, target_frames_per_second=60, minimum_frames_per_second=1):
200 """When auto refresh is off, waits for the target frame rate and then refreshes the
201 display, returning True. If the call has taken too long since the last refresh call
202 for the given target frame rate, then the refresh returns False immediately without
203 updating the screen to hopefully help getting caught up.
205 If the time since the last successful refresh is below the minimum frame rate, then
206 an exception will be raised. Set minimum_frames_per_second to 0 to disable.
208 When auto refresh is on, updates the display immediately. (The display will also
209 update without calls to this.)
211 # Go through groups and and add each to buffer
212 if self._current_group is not None:
213 buffer = Image.new("RGBA", (self._width, self._height))
214 # Recursively have everything draw to the image
215 self._current_group._fill_area(buffer) # pylint: disable=protected-access
216 # save image to buffer (or probably refresh buffer so we can compare)
217 self._buffer.paste(buffer)
219 # Eventually calculate dirty rectangles here
220 self._subrectangles.append(Rectangle(0, 0, self._width, self._height))
222 for area in self._subrectangles:
223 self._refresh_display_area(area)
225 def _refresh_loop(self):
226 while self._auto_refresh:
229 def _refresh_display_area(self, rectangle):
230 """Loop through dirty rectangles and redraw that area."""
232 img = self._buffer.convert("RGB").crop(rectangle)
233 img = img.rotate(self._rotation, expand=True)
235 display_rectangle = self._apply_rotation(rectangle)
236 img = img.crop(self._clip(display_rectangle))
238 data = numpy.array(img).astype("uint16")
240 ((data[:, :, 0] & 0xF8) << 8)
241 | ((data[:, :, 1] & 0xFC) << 3)
242 | (data[:, :, 2] >> 3)
246 numpy.dstack(((color >> 8) & 0xFF, color & 0xFF)).flatten().tolist()
250 self._set_column_command,
252 display_rectangle.x1 + self._colstart,
253 display_rectangle.x2 + self._colstart - 1,
257 self._set_row_command,
259 display_rectangle.y1 + self._rowstart,
260 display_rectangle.y2 + self._rowstart - 1,
264 self._write(self._write_ram_command, pixels)
266 def _clip(self, rectangle):
267 if self._rotation in (90, 270):
268 width, height = self._height, self._width
270 width, height = self._width, self._height
276 if rectangle.x2 > width:
278 if rectangle.y2 > height:
279 rectangle.y2 = height
283 def _apply_rotation(self, rectangle):
284 """Adjust the rectangle coordinates based on rotation"""
285 if self._rotation == 90:
287 self._height - rectangle.y2,
289 self._height - rectangle.y1,
292 if self._rotation == 180:
294 self._width - rectangle.x2,
295 self._height - rectangle.y2,
296 self._width - rectangle.x1,
297 self._height - rectangle.y1,
299 if self._rotation == 270:
302 self._width - rectangle.x2,
304 self._width - rectangle.x1,
308 def _encode_pos(self, x, y):
309 """Encode a postion into bytes."""
310 return struct.pack(self._bounds_encoding, x, y)
312 def fill_row(self, y, buffer):
313 """Extract the pixels from a single row"""
317 def auto_refresh(self):
318 """True when the display is refreshed automatically."""
319 return self._auto_refresh
322 def auto_refresh(self, value):
323 self._auto_refresh = value
324 if self._refresh_thread is None:
325 self._refresh_thread = threading.Thread(
326 target=self._refresh_loop, daemon=True
328 if value and not self._refresh_thread.is_alive():
330 self._refresh_thread.start()
331 elif not value and self._refresh_thread.is_alive():
333 self._refresh_thread.join()
336 def brightness(self):
337 """The brightness of the display as a float. 0.0 is off and 1.0 is full `brightness`.
338 When `auto_brightness` is True, the value of `brightness` will change automatically.
339 If `brightness` is set, `auto_brightness` will be disabled and will be set to False.
341 return self._brightness
344 def brightness(self, value):
345 print("Brightness set")
346 if 0 <= float(value) <= 1.0:
347 self._brightness = value
348 if self._backlight_type == BACKLIGHT_IN_OUT:
349 self._backlight.value = int(round(self._brightness))
350 print(int(round(self._brightness)))
351 # PWM not currently implemented
353 raise ValueError("Brightness must be between 0.0 and 1.0")
356 def auto_brightness(self):
357 """True when the display brightness is adjusted automatically, based on an ambient
358 light sensor or other method. Note that some displays may have this set to True by
359 default, but not actually implement automatic brightness adjustment.
360 `auto_brightness` is set to False if `brightness` is set manually.
362 return self._auto_brightness
364 @auto_brightness.setter
365 def auto_brightness(self, value):
366 self._auto_brightness = value
380 """The rotation of the display as an int in degrees."""
381 return self._rotation
384 def rotation(self, value):
385 if value not in (0, 90, 180, 270):
386 raise ValueError("Rotation must be 0/90/180/270")
387 self._rotation = value
391 """Current Display Bus"""
395 # pylint: enable=too-many-instance-attributes