14     def __init__(self, portid):
 
  16         self._spi = spidev.SpiDev()
 
  18     def init(self, baudrate=100000, polarity=0, phase=0, bits=8,
 
  19                   firstbit=MSB, sck=None, mosi=None, miso=None):
 
  29         self.baudrate = baudrate
 
  33     def write(self, buf, start=0, end=None):
 
  39             self._spi.open(self._port, 0)
 
  41               self._spi.no_cs = True  # this doesn't work but try anyways
 
  42             except AttributeError:
 
  44             self._spi.max_speed_hz = self.baudrate
 
  45             self._spi.mode = self.mode
 
  46             self._spi.bits_per_word = self.bits
 
  47             self._spi.writebytes([x for x in buf[start:end]])
 
  49         except FileNotFoundError as not_found:
 
  50             print("Could not open SPI device - check if SPI is enabled in kernel!")
 
  53     def readinto(self, buf, start=0, end=None):
 
  59             self._spi.open(self._port, 0)
 
  61               self._spi.no_cs = True  # this doesn't work but try anyways
 
  62             except AttributeError:
 
  64             self._spi.max_speed_hz = self.baudrate
 
  65             self._spi.mode = self.mode
 
  66             self._spi.bits_per_word = self.bits
 
  67             data = self._spi.readbytes(end-start)
 
  68             for i in range(end-start):  # 'readinto' the given buffer
 
  69               buf[start+i] = data[i]
 
  71         except FileNotFoundError as not_found:
 
  72             print("Could not open SPI device - check if SPI is enabled in kernel!")
 
  75     def write_readinto(self, buffer_out, buffer_in, out_start=0,
 
  76                        out_end=None, in_start=0, in_end=None):
 
  77         if not buffer_out or not buffer_in:
 
  80             out_end = len(buffer_out)        
 
  82             in_end = len(buffer_in)
 
  83         if out_end - out_start != in_end - in_start:
 
  84             raise RuntimeError('Buffer slices must be of equal length.')
 
  86             self._spi.open(self._port, 0)
 
  88                 self._spi.no_cs = True  # this doesn't work but try anyways
 
  89             except AttributeError:
 
  91             self._spi.max_speed_hz = self.baudrate
 
  92             self._spi.mode = self.mode
 
  93             self._spi.bits_per_word = self.bits
 
  94             data = self._spi.xfer(list(buffer_out[out_start:out_end+1]))
 
  95             for i in range((in_end - in_start)):
 
  96                 buffer_in[i+in_start] = data[i]
 
  98         except FileNotFoundError as not_found:
 
  99             print("Could not open SPI device - check if SPI is enabled in kernel!")