1 # Much code from https://github.com/vsergeev/python-periphery/blob/master/periphery/pwm.py
2 # Copyright (c) 2015-2016 vsergeev / Ivan (Vanya) A. Sergeev
9 from microcontroller.pin import pwmOuts
11 raise RuntimeError("No PWM outputs defined for this board")
13 class PWMError(IOError):
14 """Base class for PWM errors."""
20 _sysfs_path = "/sys/class/pwm/"
21 _channel_path = "pwmchip{}"
24 _export_path = "export"
28 _pin_period_path = "period"
29 _pin_duty_cycle_path = "duty_cycle"
30 _pin_polarity_path = "polarity"
31 _pin_enable_path = "enable"
33 def __init__(self, pin, *, frequency=500, duty_cycle=0, variable_frequency=False):
34 """Instantiate a PWM object and open the sysfs PWM corresponding to the
35 specified channel and pin.
38 pin (Pin): CircuitPython Pin object to output to
39 duty_cycle (int) : The fraction of each pulse which is high. 16-bit
40 frequency (int) : target frequency in Hertz (32-bit)
41 variable_frequency (bool) : True if the frequency will change over time
44 PWMOut: PWMOut object.
47 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
48 TypeError: if `channel` or `pin` types are invalid.
49 ValueError: if PWM channel does not exist.
54 self._open(pin, duty_cycle, frequency, variable_frequency)
62 def __exit__(self, t, value, traceback):
65 def _open(self, pin, duty=0, freq=500, variable_frequency=False):
67 for pwmpair in pwmOuts:
69 self._channel = pwmpair[0][0]
70 self._pwmpin = pwmpair[0][1]
73 if self._channel is None:
74 raise RuntimeError("No PWM channel found for this Pin")
76 channel_path = os.path.join(self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel))
77 if not os.path.isdir(channel_path):
78 raise ValueError("PWM channel does not exist, check that the required modules are loaded.")
80 pin_path = os.path.join(channel_path, self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin))
81 if not os.path.isdir(pin_path):
83 with open(os.path.join(channel_path, self._export_path), "w") as f_export:
84 f_export.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
86 raise PWMError(e.errno, "Exporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror)
88 self._set_enabled(True)
90 # Look up the period, for fast duty cycle updates
91 self._period = self._get_period()
96 self.duty_cycle = duty
99 """Close the sysfs PWM."""
103 def _write_pin_attr(self, attr, value):
106 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
107 self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin),
110 with open(path, 'w') as f_attr:
112 f_attr.write(value + "\n")
114 def _read_pin_attr(self, attr):
117 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
118 self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin),
121 with open(path, 'r') as f_attr:
122 return f_attr.read().strip()
126 def _get_period(self):
128 period_ns = int(self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path))
130 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown period value: \"%s\"" % period_ns)
132 # Convert period from nanoseconds to seconds
133 period = period_ns / 1e9
135 # Update our cached period
136 self._period = period
140 def _set_period(self, period):
141 if not isinstance(period, (int, float)):
142 raise TypeError("Invalid period type, should be int or float.")
144 # Convert period from seconds to integer nanoseconds
145 period_ns = int(period * 1e9)
147 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path, "{}".format(period_ns))
149 # Update our cached period
150 self._period = float(period)
152 """Get or set the PWM's output period in seconds.
155 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
156 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
161 def _get_duty_cycle(self):
163 duty_cycle_ns = int(self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path))
165 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown duty cycle value: \"%s\"" % duty_cycle_ns)
167 # Convert duty cycle from nanoseconds to seconds
168 duty_cycle = duty_cycle_ns / 1e9
170 # Convert duty cycle to ratio from 0.0 to 1.0
171 duty_cycle = duty_cycle / self._period
174 duty_cycle = int(duty_cycle * 65535)
178 def _set_duty_cycle(self, duty_cycle):
179 # convert from 16-bit
182 if not isinstance(duty_cycle, (int, float)):
183 raise TypeError("Invalid duty cycle type, should be int or float.")
184 elif not 0.0 <= duty_cycle <= 1.0:
185 raise ValueError("Invalid duty cycle value, should be between 0.0 and 1.0.")
187 # Convert duty cycle from ratio to seconds
188 duty_cycle = duty_cycle * self._period
190 # Convert duty cycle from seconds to integer nanoseconds
191 duty_cycle_ns = int(duty_cycle * 1e9)
193 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path, "{}".format(duty_cycle_ns))
195 duty_cycle = property(_get_duty_cycle, _set_duty_cycle)
196 """Get or set the PWM's output duty cycle as a ratio from 0.0 to 1.0.
199 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
200 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
201 ValueError: if value is out of bounds of 0.0 to 1.0.
206 def _get_frequency(self):
207 return 1.0 / self._get_period()
209 def _set_frequency(self, frequency):
210 if not isinstance(frequency, (int, float)):
211 raise TypeError("Invalid frequency type, should be int or float.")
213 self._set_period(1.0 / frequency)
215 frequency = property(_get_frequency, _set_frequency)
216 """Get or set the PWM's output frequency in Hertz.
219 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
220 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
225 def _get_enabled(self):
226 enabled = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path)
233 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown enabled value: \"%s\"" % enabled)
235 def _set_enabled(self, value):
236 if not isinstance(value, bool):
237 raise TypeError("Invalid enabled type, should be string.")
239 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path, "1" if value else "0")
241 """Get or set the PWM's output enabled state.
244 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
245 TypeError: if value type is not bool.
250 # String representation
253 return "PWM%d, pin %s (freq=%f Hz, duty_cycle=%f%%)" % \
254 (self._channel, self._pin, self.frequency, self.duty_cycle * 100,)