1 # Much code from https://github.com/vsergeev/python-periphery/blob/master/periphery/pwm.py
2 # Copyright (c) 2015-2016 vsergeev / Ivan (Vanya) A. Sergeev
9 from microcontroller.pin import pwmOuts
11 raise RuntimeError("No PWM outputs defined for this board")
13 class PWMError(IOError):
14 """Base class for PWM errors."""
20 _sysfs_path = "/sys/class/pwm/"
21 _channel_path = "pwmchip{}"
24 _export_path = "export"
25 _unexport_path = "unexport"
29 _pin_period_path = "period"
30 _pin_duty_cycle_path = "duty_cycle"
31 _pin_polarity_path = "polarity"
32 _pin_enable_path = "enable"
34 def __init__(self, pin, *, frequency=500, duty_cycle=0, variable_frequency=False):
35 """Instantiate a PWM object and open the sysfs PWM corresponding to the
36 specified channel and pin.
39 pin (Pin): CircuitPython Pin object to output to
40 duty_cycle (int) : The fraction of each pulse which is high. 16-bit
41 frequency (int) : target frequency in Hertz (32-bit)
42 variable_frequency (bool) : True if the frequency will change over time
45 PWMOut: PWMOut object.
48 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
49 TypeError: if `channel` or `pin` types are invalid.
50 ValueError: if PWM channel does not exist.
55 self._open(pin, duty_cycle, frequency, variable_frequency)
63 def __exit__(self, t, value, traceback):
66 def _open(self, pin, duty=0, freq=500, variable_frequency=False):
68 for pwmpair in pwmOuts:
70 self._channel = pwmpair[0][0]
71 self._pwmpin = pwmpair[0][1]
74 if self._channel is None:
75 raise RuntimeError("No PWM channel found for this Pin")
77 channel_path = os.path.join(self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel))
78 if not os.path.isdir(channel_path):
79 raise ValueError("PWM channel does not exist, check that the required modules are loaded.")
81 pin_path = os.path.join(channel_path, self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin))
83 with open(os.path.join(channel_path, self._unexport_path), "w") as f_unexport:
84 f_unexport.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
86 pass # not unusual, it doesnt already exist
88 with open(os.path.join(channel_path, self._export_path), "w") as f_export:
89 f_export.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
91 raise PWMError(e.errno, "Exporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror)
93 #self._set_enabled(False) # This line causes a write error when trying to enable
95 # Look up the period, for fast duty cycle updates
96 self._period = self._get_period()
98 #self.duty_cycle = 0 # This line causes a write error when trying to enable
101 self.frequency = freq
103 self.duty_cycle = duty
105 self._set_enabled(True)
108 """Deinit the sysfs PWM."""
109 if self._channel is not None:
112 channel_path = os.path.join(self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel))
113 with open(os.path.join(channel_path, self._unexport_path), "w") as f_unexport:
114 f_unexport.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
116 raise PWMError(e.errno, "Unexporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror)
121 def _is_deinited(self):
122 if self._pwmpin is None:
123 raise ValueError("Object has been deinitialize and can no longer "
124 "be used. Create a new object.")
126 def _write_pin_attr(self, attr, value):
127 # Make sure the pin is active
132 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
133 self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin),
136 with open(path, 'w') as f_attr:
138 f_attr.write(value + "\n")
140 def _read_pin_attr(self, attr):
141 # Make sure the pin is active
146 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
147 self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin),
150 with open(path, 'r') as f_attr:
151 return f_attr.read().strip()
155 def _get_period(self):
156 period_ns = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path)
158 period_ns = int(period_ns)
160 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown period value: \"%s\"" % period_ns)
162 # Convert period from nanoseconds to seconds
163 period = period_ns / 1e9
165 # Update our cached period
166 self._period = period
170 def _set_period(self, period):
171 if not isinstance(period, (int, float)):
172 raise TypeError("Invalid period type, should be int or float.")
174 # Convert period from seconds to integer nanoseconds
175 period_ns = int(period * 1e9)
177 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path, "{}".format(period_ns))
179 # Update our cached period
180 self._period = float(period)
182 """Get or set the PWM's output period in seconds.
185 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
186 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
191 def _get_duty_cycle(self):
192 duty_cycle_ns = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path)
194 duty_cycle_ns = int(duty_cycle_ns)
196 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown duty cycle value: \"%s\"" % duty_cycle_ns)
198 # Convert duty cycle from nanoseconds to seconds
199 duty_cycle = duty_cycle_ns / 1e9
201 # Convert duty cycle to ratio from 0.0 to 1.0
202 duty_cycle = duty_cycle / self._period
205 duty_cycle = int(duty_cycle * 65535)
208 def _set_duty_cycle(self, duty_cycle):
209 if not isinstance(duty_cycle, (int, float)):
210 raise TypeError("Invalid duty cycle type, should be int or float.")
212 # convert from 16-bit
213 duty_cycle /= 65535.0
214 if not 0.0 <= duty_cycle <= 1.0:
215 raise ValueError("Invalid duty cycle value, should be between 0.0 and 1.0.")
217 # Convert duty cycle from ratio to seconds
218 duty_cycle = duty_cycle * self._period
220 # Convert duty cycle from seconds to integer nanoseconds
221 duty_cycle_ns = int(duty_cycle * 1e9)
223 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path, "{}".format(duty_cycle_ns))
225 duty_cycle = property(_get_duty_cycle, _set_duty_cycle)
226 """Get or set the PWM's output duty cycle as a ratio from 0.0 to 1.0.
229 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
230 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
231 ValueError: if value is out of bounds of 0.0 to 1.0.
236 def _get_frequency(self):
237 return 1.0 / self._get_period()
239 def _set_frequency(self, frequency):
240 if not isinstance(frequency, (int, float)):
241 raise TypeError("Invalid frequency type, should be int or float.")
243 self._set_period(1.0 / frequency)
245 frequency = property(_get_frequency, _set_frequency)
246 """Get or set the PWM's output frequency in Hertz.
249 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
250 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
255 def _get_enabled(self):
256 enabled = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path)
263 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown enabled value: \"%s\"" % enabled)
265 def _set_enabled(self, value):
266 if not isinstance(value, bool):
267 raise TypeError("Invalid enabled type, should be string.")
269 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path, "1" if value else "0")
271 """Get or set the PWM's output enabled state.
274 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
275 TypeError: if value type is not bool.
280 # String representation
283 return "PWM%d, pin %s (freq=%f Hz, duty_cycle=%f%%)" % \
284 (self._channel, self._pin, self.frequency, self.duty_cycle * 100,)