1 # SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Melissa LeBlanc-Williams for Adafruit Industries
3 # SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
5 `rotaryio` - Support for reading rotation sensors
6 ===========================================================
7 See `CircuitPython:rotaryio` in CircuitPython for more details.
9 Generic Threading/DigitalIO implementation for Linux
11 * Author(s): Melissa LeBlanc-Williams
14 from __future__ import annotations
16 import microcontroller
19 # Define the state transition table for the quadrature encoder
21 0, # 00 -> 00 no movement
22 -1, # 00 -> 01 3/4 ccw (11 detent) or 1/4 ccw (00 at detent)
23 +1, # 00 -> 10 3/4 cw or 1/4 cw
24 0, # 00 -> 11 non-Gray-code transition
25 +1, # 01 -> 00 2/4 or 4/4 cw
26 0, # 01 -> 01 no movement
27 0, # 01 -> 10 non-Gray-code transition
28 -1, # 01 -> 11 4/4 or 2/4 ccw
29 -1, # 10 -> 00 2/4 or 4/4 ccw
30 0, # 10 -> 01 non-Gray-code transition
31 0, # 10 -> 10 no movement
32 +1, # 10 -> 11 4/4 or 2/4 cw
33 0, # 11 -> 00 non-Gray-code transition
34 +1, # 11 -> 01 1/4 or 3/4 cw
35 -1, # 11 -> 10 1/4 or 3/4 ccw
36 0, # 11 -> 11 no movement
40 class IncrementalEncoder:
42 IncrementalEncoder determines the relative rotational position based on two series of
43 pulses. It assumes that the encoder’s common pin(s) are connected to ground,and enables
44 pull-ups on pin_a and pin_b.
46 Create an IncrementalEncoder object associated with the given pins. It tracks the
47 positional state of an incremental rotary encoder (also known as a quadrature encoder.)
48 Position is relative to the position when the object is constructed.
52 self, pin_a: microcontroller.Pin, pin_b: microcontroller.Pin, divisor: int = 4
55 Create an IncrementalEncoder object associated with the given pins. It tracks the
56 positional state of an incremental rotary encoder (also known as a quadrature encoder.)
57 Position is relative to the position when the object is constructed.
59 :param microcontroller.Pin pin_a: The first pin connected to the encoder.
60 :param microcontroller.Pin pin_b: The second pin connected to the encoder.
61 :param int divisor: The number of pulses per encoder step. Default is 4.
63 self._pin_a = digitalio.DigitalInOut(pin_a)
64 self._pin_a.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.UP)
65 self._pin_b = digitalio.DigitalInOut(pin_b)
66 self._pin_b.switch_to_input(pull=digitalio.Pull.UP)
69 self._divisor = divisor
71 self._poll_thread = threading.Thread(target=self._polling_loop, daemon=True)
72 self._poll_thread.start()
75 """Deinitializes the IncrementalEncoder and releases any hardware resources for reuse."""
78 if self._poll_thread.is_alive():
79 self._poll_thread.join()
81 def __enter__(self) -> IncrementalEncoder:
82 """No-op used by Context Managers."""
85 def __exit__(self, _type, _value, _traceback):
87 Automatically deinitializes when exiting a context. See
88 :ref:`lifetime-and-contextmanagers` for more info.
93 def divisor(self) -> int:
94 """The divisor of the quadrature signal. Use 1 for encoders without detents, or encoders
95 with 4 detents per cycle. Use 2 for encoders with 2 detents per cycle. Use 4 for encoders
96 with 1 detent per cycle."""
100 def divisor(self, value: int):
101 self._divisor = value
104 def position(self) -> int:
105 """The current position in terms of pulses. The number of pulses per rotation is defined
106 by the specific hardware and by the divisor."""
107 return self._position
110 def position(self, value: int):
111 self._position = value
113 def _get_pin_state(self) -> int:
114 """Returns the current state of the pins."""
115 return self._pin_a.value << 1 | self._pin_b.value
117 def _polling_loop(self):
121 def _poll_encoder(self):
122 # Check the state of the pins
123 # if either pin has changed, update the state
124 new_state = self._get_pin_state()
125 if new_state != self._last_state:
126 self._state_update(new_state)
127 self._last_state = new_state
129 def _state_update(self, new_state: int):
131 index = self._last_state << 2 | new_state
132 sub_increment = transitions[index]
133 self._sub_count += sub_increment
134 if self._sub_count >= self._divisor:
137 elif self._sub_count <= -self._divisor: