1 # Much code from https://github.com/vsergeev/python-periphery/blob/master/periphery/pwm.py
2 # Copyright (c) 2015-2016 vsergeev / Ivan (Vanya) A. Sergeev
9 from microcontroller.pin import pwmOuts
11 raise RuntimeError("No PWM outputs defined for this board")
13 class PWMError(IOError):
14 """Base class for PWM errors."""
20 _sysfs_path = "/sys/class/pwm/"
21 _channel_path = "pwmchip{}"
24 _export_path = "export"
25 _unexport_path = "unexport"
29 _pin_period_path = "period"
30 _pin_duty_cycle_path = "duty_cycle"
31 _pin_polarity_path = "polarity"
32 _pin_enable_path = "enable"
34 def __init__(self, pin, *, frequency=500, duty_cycle=0, variable_frequency=False):
35 """Instantiate a PWM object and open the sysfs PWM corresponding to the
36 specified channel and pin.
39 pin (Pin): CircuitPython Pin object to output to
40 duty_cycle (int) : The fraction of each pulse which is high. 16-bit
41 frequency (int) : target frequency in Hertz (32-bit)
42 variable_frequency (bool) : True if the frequency will change over time
45 PWMOut: PWMOut object.
48 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
49 TypeError: if `channel` or `pin` types are invalid.
50 ValueError: if PWM channel does not exist.
55 self._open(pin, duty_cycle, frequency, variable_frequency)
63 def __exit__(self, t, value, traceback):
66 def _open(self, pin, duty=0, freq=500, variable_frequency=False):
68 for pwmpair in pwmOuts:
70 self._channel = pwmpair[0][0]
71 self._pwmpin = pwmpair[0][1]
74 if self._channel is None:
75 raise RuntimeError("No PWM channel found for this Pin")
77 channel_path = os.path.join(self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel))
78 if not os.path.isdir(channel_path):
79 raise ValueError("PWM channel does not exist, check that the required modules are loaded.")
81 pin_path = os.path.join(channel_path, self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin))
83 with open(os.path.join(channel_path, self._unexport_path), "w") as f_unexport:
84 f_unexport.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
86 pass # not unusual, it doesnt already exist
88 with open(os.path.join(channel_path, self._export_path), "w") as f_export:
89 f_export.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
91 raise PWMError(e.errno, "Exporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror)
93 #self._set_enabled(False) # This line causes a write error when trying to enable
95 # Look up the period, for fast duty cycle updates
96 self._period = self._get_period()
98 #self.duty_cycle = 0 # This line causes a write error when trying to enable
101 self.frequency = freq
103 self.duty_cycle = duty
105 self._set_enabled(True)
108 """Close the sysfs PWM."""
109 if self._channel is not None:
112 channel_path = os.path.join(self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel))
113 with open(os.path.join(channel_path, self._unexport_path), "w") as f_unexport:
114 f_unexport.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
116 raise PWMError(e.errno, "Unexporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror)
121 def _write_pin_attr(self, attr, value):
124 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
125 self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin),
128 with open(path, 'w') as f_attr:
130 f_attr.write(value + "\n")
132 def _read_pin_attr(self, attr):
135 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
136 self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin),
139 with open(path, 'r') as f_attr:
140 return f_attr.read().strip()
144 def _get_period(self):
146 period_ns = int(self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path))
148 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown period value: \"%s\"" % period_ns)
150 # Convert period from nanoseconds to seconds
151 period = period_ns / 1e9
153 # Update our cached period
154 self._period = period
158 def _set_period(self, period):
159 if not isinstance(period, (int, float)):
160 raise TypeError("Invalid period type, should be int or float.")
162 # Convert period from seconds to integer nanoseconds
163 period_ns = int(period * 1e9)
165 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path, "{}".format(period_ns))
167 # Update our cached period
168 self._period = float(period)
170 period = property(_get_period, _set_period)
172 """Get or set the PWM's output period in seconds.
175 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
176 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
181 def _get_duty_cycle(self):
183 duty_cycle_ns = int(self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path))
185 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown duty cycle value: \"%s\"" % duty_cycle_ns)
187 # Convert duty cycle from nanoseconds to seconds
188 duty_cycle = duty_cycle_ns / 1e9
190 # Convert duty cycle to ratio from 0.0 to 1.0
191 duty_cycle = duty_cycle / self._period
194 duty_cycle = int(duty_cycle * 65535)
197 def _set_duty_cycle(self, duty_cycle):
198 if not isinstance(duty_cycle, (int, float)):
199 raise TypeError("Invalid duty cycle type, should be int or float.")
201 # convert from 16-bit
202 duty_cycle /= 65535.0
203 if not 0.0 <= duty_cycle <= 1.0:
204 raise ValueError("Invalid duty cycle value, should be between 0.0 and 1.0.")
206 # Convert duty cycle from ratio to seconds
207 duty_cycle = duty_cycle * self._period
209 # Convert duty cycle from seconds to integer nanoseconds
210 duty_cycle_ns = int(duty_cycle * 1e9)
212 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path, "{}".format(duty_cycle_ns))
214 duty_cycle = property(_get_duty_cycle, _set_duty_cycle)
215 """Get or set the PWM's output duty cycle as a ratio from 0.0 to 1.0.
218 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
219 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
220 ValueError: if value is out of bounds of 0.0 to 1.0.
225 def _get_frequency(self):
226 return 1.0 / self._get_period()
228 def _set_frequency(self, frequency):
229 if not isinstance(frequency, (int, float)):
230 raise TypeError("Invalid frequency type, should be int or float.")
232 self._set_period(1.0 / frequency)
234 frequency = property(_get_frequency, _set_frequency)
235 """Get or set the PWM's output frequency in Hertz.
238 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
239 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
244 def _get_enabled(self):
245 enabled = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path)
252 raise PWMError(None, "Unknown enabled value: \"%s\"" % enabled)
254 def _set_enabled(self, value):
255 if not isinstance(value, bool):
256 raise TypeError("Invalid enabled type, should be string.")
258 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path, "1" if value else "0")
260 """Get or set the PWM's output enabled state.
263 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
264 TypeError: if value type is not bool.
269 # String representation
272 return "PWM%d, pin %s (freq=%f Hz, duty_cycle=%f%%)" % \
273 (self._channel, self._pin, self.frequency, self.duty_cycle * 100,)