2 Much code from https://github.com/vsergeev/python-periphery/blob/master/periphery/pwm.py
3 Copyright (c) 2015-2016 vsergeev / Ivan (Vanya) A. Sergeev
10 from microcontroller.pin import pwmOuts
12 raise RuntimeError("No PWM outputs defined for this board") from ImportError
14 # pylint: disable=unnecessary-pass
15 class PWMError(IOError):
16 """Base class for PWM errors."""
21 # pylint: enable=unnecessary-pass
25 """Pulse Width Modulation Output Class"""
28 _sysfs_path = "/sys/class/pwm/"
29 _channel_path = "pwmchip{}"
32 _export_path = "export"
33 _unexport_path = "unexport"
34 _pin_path = "pwm-{}:{}"
37 _pin_period_path = "period"
38 _pin_duty_cycle_path = "duty_cycle"
39 _pin_polarity_path = "polarity"
40 _pin_enable_path = "enable"
42 def __init__(self, pin, *, frequency=500, duty_cycle=0, variable_frequency=False):
43 """Instantiate a PWM object and open the sysfs PWM corresponding to the
44 specified channel and pin.
47 pin (Pin): CircuitPython Pin object to output to
48 duty_cycle (int) : The fraction of each pulse which is high. 16-bit
49 frequency (int) : target frequency in Hertz (32-bit)
50 variable_frequency (bool) : True if the frequency will change over time
53 PWMOut: PWMOut object.
56 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
57 TypeError: if `channel` or `pin` types are invalid.
58 ValueError: if PWM channel does not exist.
65 self._open(pin, duty_cycle, frequency, variable_frequency)
73 def __exit__(self, t, value, traceback):
76 def _open(self, pin, duty=0, freq=500, variable_frequency=False):
78 for pwmpair in pwmOuts:
80 self._channel = pwmpair[0][0]
81 self._pwmpin = pwmpair[0][1]
84 if self._channel is None:
85 raise RuntimeError("No PWM channel found for this Pin")
87 if variable_frequency:
88 print("Variable Frequency is not supported, continuing without it...")
90 channel_path = os.path.join(
91 self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel)
93 if not os.path.isdir(channel_path):
95 "PWM channel does not exist, check that the required modules are loaded."
98 pin_path = os.path.join(
99 channel_path, self._pin_path.format(self._channel, self._pwmpin)
101 if not os.path.isdir(pin_path):
104 os.path.join(channel_path, self._export_path), "w"
106 f_export.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
108 raise PWMError(e.errno, "Exporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror) from IOError
110 # Look up the period, for fast duty cycle updates
111 self._period = self._get_period()
114 self.frequency = freq
116 self.duty_cycle = duty
118 self._set_enabled(True)
121 """Deinit the sysfs PWM."""
122 # pylint: disable=broad-except
124 channel_path = os.path.join(
125 self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel)
128 if self._channel is not None:
129 # self.duty_cycle = 0
130 self._set_enabled(False) # make to disable before unexport
132 # unexport_path = os.path.join(channel_path, self._unexport_path)
134 os.path.join(channel_path, self._unexport_path), "w"
136 f_unexport.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
139 e.errno, "Unexporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror
141 except Exception as e:
142 # due to a race condition for which I have not yet been
143 # able to find the root cause, deinit() often fails
144 # but it does not effect future usage of the pwm pin
146 "warning: failed to deinitialize pwm pin {0}:{1} due to: {2}\n".format(
147 self._channel, self._pwmpin, type(e).__name__
153 # pylint: enable=broad-except
155 def _is_deinited(self):
156 if self._pwmpin is None:
158 "Object has been deinitialize and can no longer "
159 "be used. Create a new object."
162 def _write_pin_attr(self, attr, value):
163 # Make sure the pin is active
168 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
169 self._pin_path.format(self._channel, self._pwmpin),
173 with open(path, "w") as f_attr:
174 f_attr.write(value + "\n")
176 def _read_pin_attr(self, attr):
177 # Make sure the pin is active
182 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
183 self._pin_path.format(self._channel, self._pwmpin),
187 with open(path, "r") as f_attr:
188 return f_attr.read().strip()
192 def _get_period(self):
193 period_ns = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path)
195 period_ns = int(period_ns)
198 None, 'Unknown period value: "%s"' % period_ns
201 # Convert period from nanoseconds to seconds
202 period = period_ns / 1e9
204 # Update our cached period
205 self._period = period
209 def _set_period(self, period):
210 if not isinstance(period, (int, float)):
211 raise TypeError("Invalid period type, should be int or float.")
213 # Convert period from seconds to integer nanoseconds
214 period_ns = int(period * 1e9)
216 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path, "{}".format(period_ns))
218 # Update our cached period
219 self._period = float(period)
221 period = property(_get_period, _set_period)
223 """Get or set the PWM's output period in seconds.
226 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
227 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
232 def _get_duty_cycle(self):
233 duty_cycle_ns = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path)
235 duty_cycle_ns = int(duty_cycle_ns)
238 None, 'Unknown duty cycle value: "%s"' % duty_cycle_ns
241 # Convert duty cycle from nanoseconds to seconds
242 duty_cycle = duty_cycle_ns / 1e9
244 # Convert duty cycle to ratio from 0.0 to 1.0
245 duty_cycle = duty_cycle / self._period
248 duty_cycle = int(duty_cycle * 65535)
251 def _set_duty_cycle(self, duty_cycle):
252 if not isinstance(duty_cycle, (int, float)):
253 raise TypeError("Invalid duty cycle type, should be int or float.")
255 # convert from 16-bit
256 duty_cycle /= 65535.0
257 if not 0.0 <= duty_cycle <= 1.0:
258 raise ValueError("Invalid duty cycle value, should be between 0.0 and 1.0.")
260 # Convert duty cycle from ratio to seconds
261 duty_cycle = duty_cycle * self._period
263 # Convert duty cycle from seconds to integer nanoseconds
264 duty_cycle_ns = int(duty_cycle * 1e9)
266 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path, "{}".format(duty_cycle_ns))
268 duty_cycle = property(_get_duty_cycle, _set_duty_cycle)
269 """Get or set the PWM's output duty cycle as a ratio from 0.0 to 1.0.
272 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
273 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
274 ValueError: if value is out of bounds of 0.0 to 1.0.
279 def _get_frequency(self):
280 return 1.0 / self._get_period()
282 def _set_frequency(self, frequency):
283 if not isinstance(frequency, (int, float)):
284 raise TypeError("Invalid frequency type, should be int or float.")
286 self._set_period(1.0 / frequency)
288 frequency = property(_get_frequency, _set_frequency)
289 """Get or set the PWM's output frequency in Hertz.
292 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
293 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
298 def _get_enabled(self):
299 enabled = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path)
306 raise PWMError(None, 'Unknown enabled value: "%s"' % enabled)
308 def _set_enabled(self, value):
309 """Get or set the PWM's output enabled state.
312 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
313 TypeError: if value type is not bool.
317 if not isinstance(value, bool):
318 raise TypeError("Invalid enabled type, should be string.")
320 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path, "1" if value else "0")
322 # String representation
325 return "PWM%d, pin %s (freq=%f Hz, duty_cycle=%f%%)" % (
329 self.duty_cycle * 100,