2 Much code from https://github.com/vsergeev/python-periphery/blob/master/periphery/pwm.py
3 Copyright (c) 2015-2016 vsergeev / Ivan (Vanya) A. Sergeev
9 from errno import EACCES
12 from microcontroller.pin import pwmOuts
14 raise RuntimeError("No PWM outputs defined for this board") from ImportError
17 # pylint: disable=unnecessary-pass
18 class PWMError(IOError):
19 """Base class for PWM errors."""
24 # pylint: enable=unnecessary-pass
28 """Pulse Width Modulation Output Class"""
30 # Number of retries to check for successful PWM export on open
32 # Delay between check for scucessful PWM export on open (100ms)
36 _sysfs_path = "/sys/class/pwm/"
37 _channel_path = "pwmchip{}"
40 _export_path = "export"
41 _unexport_path = "unexport"
45 _pin_period_path = "period"
46 _pin_duty_cycle_path = "duty_cycle"
47 _pin_polarity_path = "polarity"
48 _pin_enable_path = "enable"
50 def __init__(self, pin, *, frequency=500, duty_cycle=0, variable_frequency=False):
51 """Instantiate a PWM object and open the sysfs PWM corresponding to the
52 specified channel and pin.
55 pin (Pin): CircuitPython Pin object to output to
56 duty_cycle (int) : The fraction of each pulse which is high. 16-bit
57 frequency (int) : target frequency in Hertz (32-bit)
58 variable_frequency (bool) : True if the frequency will change over time
61 PWMOut: PWMOut object.
64 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
65 TypeError: if `channel` or `pin` types are invalid.
66 ValueError: if PWM channel does not exist.
73 self._open(pin, duty_cycle, frequency, variable_frequency)
81 def __exit__(self, t, value, traceback):
84 def _open(self, pin, duty=0, freq=500, variable_frequency=False):
86 for pwmpair in pwmOuts:
88 self._channel = pwmpair[0][0]
89 self._pwmpin = pwmpair[0][1]
92 if self._channel is None:
93 raise RuntimeError("No PWM channel found for this Pin")
95 if variable_frequency:
96 print("Variable Frequency is not supported, continuing without it...")
98 channel_path = os.path.join(
99 self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel)
101 if not os.path.isdir(channel_path):
103 "PWM channel does not exist, check that the required modules are loaded."
108 os.path.join(channel_path, self._unexport_path), "w"
110 f_unexport.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
112 pass # not unusual, it doesnt already exist
114 with open(os.path.join(channel_path, self._export_path), "w") as f_export:
115 f_export.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
117 raise PWMError(e.errno, "Exporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror) from IOError
119 # Loop until 'period' is writable, because application of udev rules
120 # after the above pin export is asynchronous.
121 # Without this loop, the following properties may not be writable yet.
122 for i in range(PWMOut.PWM_STAT_RETRIES):
126 channel_path, self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin), "period"
132 if e.errno != EACCES or (
133 e.errno == EACCES and i == PWMOut.PWM_STAT_RETRIES - 1
135 raise PWMError(e.errno, "Opening PWM period: " + e.strerror) from e
136 sleep(PWMOut.PWM_STAT_DELAY)
138 # self._set_enabled(False) # This line causes a write error when trying to enable
140 # Look up the period, for fast duty cycle updates
141 self._period = self._get_period()
143 # self.duty_cycle = 0 # This line causes a write error when trying to enable
146 self.frequency = freq
148 self.duty_cycle = duty
150 self._set_enabled(True)
153 """Deinit the sysfs PWM."""
154 if self._channel is not None:
157 channel_path = os.path.join(
158 self._sysfs_path, self._channel_path.format(self._channel)
161 os.path.join(channel_path, self._unexport_path), "w"
163 f_unexport.write("%d\n" % self._pwmpin)
166 e.errno, "Unexporting PWM pin: " + e.strerror
172 def _is_deinited(self):
173 if self._pwmpin is None:
175 "Object has been deinitialize and can no longer "
176 "be used. Create a new object."
179 def _write_pin_attr(self, attr, value):
180 # Make sure the pin is active
185 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
186 self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin),
190 with open(path, "w") as f_attr:
192 f_attr.write(value + "\n")
194 def _read_pin_attr(self, attr):
195 # Make sure the pin is active
200 self._channel_path.format(self._channel),
201 self._pin_path.format(self._pwmpin),
205 with open(path, "r") as f_attr:
206 return f_attr.read().strip()
210 def _get_period(self):
211 period_ns = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path)
213 period_ns = int(period_ns)
216 None, 'Unknown period value: "%s"' % period_ns
219 # Convert period from nanoseconds to seconds
220 period = period_ns / 1e9
222 # Update our cached period
223 self._period = period
227 def _set_period(self, period):
228 if not isinstance(period, (int, float)):
229 raise TypeError("Invalid period type, should be int or float.")
231 # Convert period from seconds to integer nanoseconds
232 period_ns = int(period * 1e9)
234 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_period_path, "{}".format(period_ns))
236 # Update our cached period
237 self._period = float(period)
239 period = property(_get_period, _set_period)
241 """Get or set the PWM's output period in seconds.
244 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
245 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
250 def _get_duty_cycle(self):
251 duty_cycle_ns = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path)
253 duty_cycle_ns = int(duty_cycle_ns)
256 None, 'Unknown duty cycle value: "%s"' % duty_cycle_ns
259 # Convert duty cycle from nanoseconds to seconds
260 duty_cycle = duty_cycle_ns / 1e9
262 # Convert duty cycle to ratio from 0.0 to 1.0
263 duty_cycle = duty_cycle / self._period
266 duty_cycle = int(duty_cycle * 65535)
269 def _set_duty_cycle(self, duty_cycle):
270 if not isinstance(duty_cycle, (int, float)):
271 raise TypeError("Invalid duty cycle type, should be int or float.")
273 # convert from 16-bit
274 duty_cycle /= 65535.0
275 if not 0.0 <= duty_cycle <= 1.0:
276 raise ValueError("Invalid duty cycle value, should be between 0.0 and 1.0.")
278 # Convert duty cycle from ratio to seconds
279 duty_cycle = duty_cycle * self._period
281 # Convert duty cycle from seconds to integer nanoseconds
282 duty_cycle_ns = int(duty_cycle * 1e9)
284 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_duty_cycle_path, "{}".format(duty_cycle_ns))
286 duty_cycle = property(_get_duty_cycle, _set_duty_cycle)
287 """Get or set the PWM's output duty cycle as a ratio from 0.0 to 1.0.
290 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
291 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
292 ValueError: if value is out of bounds of 0.0 to 1.0.
297 def _get_frequency(self):
298 return 1.0 / self._get_period()
300 def _set_frequency(self, frequency):
301 if not isinstance(frequency, (int, float)):
302 raise TypeError("Invalid frequency type, should be int or float.")
304 self._set_period(1.0 / frequency)
306 frequency = property(_get_frequency, _set_frequency)
307 """Get or set the PWM's output frequency in Hertz.
310 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
311 TypeError: if value type is not int or float.
316 def _get_enabled(self):
317 enabled = self._read_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path)
324 raise PWMError(None, 'Unknown enabled value: "%s"' % enabled)
326 def _set_enabled(self, value):
327 """Get or set the PWM's output enabled state.
330 PWMError: if an I/O or OS error occurs.
331 TypeError: if value type is not bool.
335 if not isinstance(value, bool):
336 raise TypeError("Invalid enabled type, should be string.")
338 self._write_pin_attr(self._pin_enable_path, "1" if value else "0")
340 # String representation
343 return "PWM%d, pin %s (freq=%f Hz, duty_cycle=%f%%)" % (
347 self.duty_cycle * 100,